For all the complaints levied against the crypto-strict U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the agency successfully obtained orders for $8.2 billion in financial remedies for 2024.

This is despite a 26% decrease in total enforcement actions.

The successful prosecution of Terraform Labs helped the agency achieve this milestone. Once a jury verdict found Terraform Labs and founder Do Kwon liable for fraud, defendants agreed to a final judgment ordering them to pay more than $4.5 billion in penalties — the highest amount ever obtained by the SEC following a trial.

It accounted for more than half of the total monetary judgments, according to the details from the press release.

SEC’s 583 enforcement actions

The SEC’s enforcement efforts in 2024 showed significant shifts across multiple categories, with 583 total enforcement actions. This includes 431 stand-alone actions representing a 14% decrease, 93 follow-on administrative proceedings showing a 43% decrease, and 59 delinquent filing actions marking a 51% decline.

Despite the reduced number of cases, the financial impact reached these levels, combining $6.1 billion in disgorgement and prejudgment interest with $2.1 billion in civil penalties.

In the cryptocurrency sector, the SEC pursued several major cases, including charges against Silvergate Capital for misleading BSA/AML compliance disclosures and action against Barnbridge DAO for unregistered securities offerings.

The agency also tackled the HyperFund pyramid scheme involving $1.7 billion and the NovaTech fraud case affecting 200,000 investors. Notable first-time enforcement actions targeted relationship investment scams involving NanoBit and CoinW6 platforms.

The SEC’s Division of Enforcement won all five federal district court cases, including its crypto-related trial against Terraform Labs. This success extended to investor protection measures, with 124 individuals barred from serving as officers and directors of public companies.

SEC Chair Gary Gensler emphasized the Division’s role as a “steadfast cop on the beat,” while Acting Director Sanjay Wadhwa noted increased market participant cooperation and self-reporting. 

The report somewhat justifies Gensler’s role as the top crypto enforcer. The outgoing SEC chair, set to resign on Jan. 20, faced harsh criticism from crypto enthusiasts and retail traders throughout his tenure for his regulatory approach.

And yet, the SEC distributed $345 million to harmed investors and processed a record 45,130 tips, complaints, and referrals, including over 24,000 whistleblower tips, resulting in $255 million in whistleblower awards.

The agency’s success in returning funds to investors has been substantial, with more than $2.7 billion distributed since fiscal year 2021.

Gary Gensler, the high-profile and often polarizing chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, announced his resignation, effective the day President-elect Donald Trump takes office.

Here’s the announcement on X:

Gensler’s decision is hardly unexpected for those attuned to Washington’s political rhythms. Leadership changes at federal agencies often coincide with the arrival of a new administration, especially when there’s an ideological shift. 

Here’s a closer look at the situation.

Gensler’s crackdown on crypto

Although Gensler’s term was slated to run through 2026, his resignation aligns with these unwritten rules of political transitions.

Gensler’s tenure, which began in 2021 under President Joe Biden, has been anything but uneventful. Known for his bold and uncompromising regulatory stance, he led an unprecedented crackdown on the crypto industry—a sector he once described as “rife with fraud and hucksters.”

Under his leadership, the SEC initiated a record 46 enforcement actions against crypto-related entities in 2023 alone, a 53% increase from 2022. 

Some of the crypto-related lawsuits filed seemed reasonable. For example, the SEC’s case against Terraform Labs involved allegations of a massive fraud scheme. In June, a federal jury ruled against Terraform and its co-founder Do Kwon. They were ordered to pay over $4.5 billion in penalties, the largest ever imposed in a crypto-related case.

While some applauded his efforts to bring order to the industry, Gensler’s critics often accuse him of regulatory overreach and stifling innovation, particularly when it comes to cases against Ripple (XRP) and Coinbase.

Trump, whose family launched a crypto startup this year, vocalized his disdain for Gensler on the campaign trail and pledged to replace him “on day one.”

Dan Gallagher, Robinhood Markets’ chief legal officer, was considered a possible replacement for Gensler, but he is no longer interested.

As the SEC prepares for this leadership change, the agency faces critical questions about its future direction. What does Gensler’s departure mean for financial regulation in the U.S.? Who will take the reins, and how will their approach shape the nation’s financial landscape?

When Gensler confirmed his resignation, social media — particularly crypto enthusiasts populating X — erupted with tweets that ranged from bitter resentment to cautious relief. 

Many within the crypto community didn’t hold back, particularly supporters of Ripple. Known as the “XRP Army,” they had long blamed Gensler for the SEC’s aggressive lawsuit against Ripple Labs, which tanked the value of XRP and dragged the community into a years-long legal battle. 

“Congratulations to the XRP Army—this is the moment we’ve been waiting for,” one XRP supporter tweeted.

Criticism extended beyond XRP, with retail investors calling Gensler’s tenure “the most destructive period in SEC history.” They cite his initial resistance to approving a Bitcoin (BTC) ETF and his handling of smaller investor disputes, such as the MMTLP stockholder case.