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US Treasury Removes Tornado Cash From OFAC Sanctions List

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The Department of Treasury has lifted Sanctions on Tornado Cash, the Ethereum based smart contract mixer, following a series of legal defeats and administrative challenges.

“Based on the Administration’s review of the novel legal and policy issues raised by use of financial sanctions against financial and commercial activity occurring within evolving technology and legal environments, we have exercised our discretion to remove the economic sanctions against Tornado Cash as reflected in Treasury’s Monday filing in Van Loon v. Department of the Treasury,” the Treasury Department stated

Quick Overview of the Tornado Cash Story

Tornado Cash was launched in 2019 as a decentralized protocol to enhance transaction privacy on Ethereum. 

In August 2022, the mixer was added to the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) list, which includes sanctioned individuals and entities. U.S. law enforcement alleged that Tornado Cash facilitated over $7 billion in money laundering, including funds linked to North Korea’s Lazarus Group. 

This led to a ban on U.S. persons using the service and legal action against its co-founders, Roman Storm and Roman Semenov, who were indicted in 2023 for money laundering tied to over $1 billion in transactions. 

Six Tornado Cash users, backed by Coinbase, sued the Treasury, challenging the sanctions. 

A Texas federal court ruled in January 2025 that the smart contracts couldn’t be sanctioned, a decision upheld by the Fifth Circuit in November 2024

Today the Treasury officially lifted the sanctions, citing evolving legal and technological considerations, though it expressed concern about ongoing illicit crypto activities and reinforced its intent and authority to continue DPRK sanctions.

Tension Continues

The Treasury nevertheless reinforced its intent to enforce sanctions against Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), an ongoing source of geopolitical tension given the recent $1 billion+ hack from Bybit argued to have been executed by Lazarous, a hacking group with DRKP ties.

“We remain deeply concerned about the significant state-sponsored hacking and money laundering campaign aimed at stealing, acquiring, and deploying digital assets for the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the Kim regime,” the agency stated. 

“Treasury will continue to monitor closely any transactions that may benefit malicious cyber actors or the DPRK, and U.S. persons should exercise caution before engaging in transactions that present such risks.”

Although the lifted sanction appears to be good news for financial privacy software developers, it is too early to tell what this means for the Bitcoin and crypto industry in general, or whether it will have an effect on upcoming court cases like those against the Samurai Wallet developers.

“Digital assets present enormous opportunities for innovation and value creation for the American people,” said Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent. “Securing the digital asset industry from abuse by North Korea and other illicit actors is essential to establishing U.S. leadership and ensuring that the American people can benefit from financial innovation and inclusion.”



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Kentucky Senate Passes Bill Protecting Bitcoin Self-Custody Rights

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Yesterday evening, the Kentucky Senate unanimously passed a bill aimed at protecting Bitcoin self-custody rights and digital asset mining operations. With a decisive 37-0 vote, the legislation, titled AN ACT relating to blockchain digital assets (HB 701), now moves to the Governor’s desk for final approval.

Sponsored by Representatives Adam Bowling and T.J. Roberts, the bill affirms the right of individuals to self-custody digital assets through self-hosted wallets. Additionally, it prevents local zoning laws from discriminating against digital asset mining businesses, ensuring that Bitcoin miners can operate freely within the state.

The bill outlines several key provisions, including:

  • Protection for Bitcoin self-custody: Individuals have the legal right to use and store digital assets in self-hosted wallets.
  • Prohibition of discriminatory zoning laws: Local governments cannot impose zoning changes that unfairly target digital asset mining businesses.
  • Exemptions from money transmitter licensing: Home Bitcoin miners and digital asset mining businesses are exempt from Kentucky’s money transmitter requirements.
  • Clarification of securities laws: Digital asset mining and staking as a service are explicitly not classified as securities under Kentucky law.

After passing through the Kentucky House with a 91-0 vote on February 28, 2025, the bill moved swiftly through the Senate. The March 13 vote saw full bipartisan support, with 37 senators voting in favor, zero opposed, and one not voting.

The legislation now awaits the Governor’s signature, which would officially enshrine Bitcoin self-custody protections and digital asset mining rights into Kentucky law. If signed, Kentucky will become one of the more Bitcoin-friendly states in the country, setting a precedent for other states to follow.





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Bitcoin 2025 Conference Brings Back Highly Anticipated Legal Education Program

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BTC Inc., a leading provider of Bitcoin-related news and events, has announced the return of its Continuing Legal Education (CLE) program at The Bitcoin 2025 Conference in Las Vegas, Nevada. Scheduled for May 27th at the Venetian Expo Hall, this premier program provides legal and financial professionals with the opportunity to stay informed about the ever-evolving regulatory landscape surrounding Bitcoin.

Following a highly successful debut at Bitcoin 2024, where attorneys, startup founders, corporate legal teams, and policymakers praised the program for tackling crucial legal topics, the 2025 CLE session will continue to deliver valuable insights into the legal and regulatory frameworks shaping Bitcoin’s future.

The 2025 CLE program will offer four (4) hours of credit, pending approval from the Nevada Board of Continuing Legal Education. Participants will also receive certificates of completion for submission to states not pre-accredited for CLE or CPE credits.

Designed for industry professionals, in-house counsel, CFOs, CPAs/MTAs, startup founders, and C-suite executives, the program will address key legal, regulatory, and business considerations in the Bitcoin industry. Expert-led sessions will include:

  • Trump Administration’s Bitcoin Policies – A deep dive into the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, stablecoin regulations, and shifts in market structure.
  • Bitcoin in Public Company Treasuries – Examining the legal frameworks for power agreements and transactions in regulated and deregulated markets.
  • Bitcoin & the Courts: Operation Choke Point and Beyond – Analyzing legal battles shaping financial access, banking restrictions, and regulatory overreach.
  • Mining Contracts & Legal Risks – Exploring complexities in hosting agreements, procurement risks, and emerging regulatory considerations.

Participants can register through either the CLE & Industry Pass bundle or the CLE & VIP Whale Pass bundle. Attendees will be among 300+ sponsors and 5,000+ companies, many of whom are in the early stages of their legal and consulting needs. The 2025 CLE program registration and further details can be found here.

The Bitcoin Conference is also renowned for hosting top-tier international Bitcoin events like Bitcoin AsiaBitcoin Amsterdam, and Bitcoin MENA, and continues to be the premier destination for thought leadership and innovation in the Bitcoin space.

Disclaimer: Bitcoin Magazine is wholly owned by BTC Media, LLC, which also owns and operates the world’s largest Bitcoin conference, The Bitcoin Conference.



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The Current State Of The IRS Broker Rule

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Between the holidays and New Years, the IRS used the last passing days of the Biden administration to finalize its long feared Broker Rule: a regulation requiring all cryptocurrency exchanges – custodial and non-custodial, fiat to crypto and crypto to crypto – to effectively subject their users to Know-Your-Customer (KYC) measures.

The rule establishes that custody over funds is not necessary to be deemed a broker by the IRS, obliging “DeFi front-end services” to report trading activity via the 1099 tax form to the agency. This includes any developer of “screens, buttons, forms, and other visual elements incorporated in websites, mobile device apps, and browser extensions—that users can use to trade digital assets in their unhosted wallets”. 

With its broker rule, the IRS deems said developers to have a certain amount of “control” over the offered services, despite never taking custody of coins and the lack of ability to influence the underlying protocols – the rule is in line with digital asset guidance from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), which deems developers of user interfaces to qualify as Virtual Asset Service Providers subject to anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism obligations. 

Similar to FATF, the broker rule defines control as “the ability to amend, update, or otherwise substantively affect the terms under which the services are provided,” as well as “the ability to collect the fees charged for those services from the transaction flow […] whether or not the person actually collects fees in this manner,” and/or if that person has the ability “to add to the order a sequence of instructions to query the cryptographically secured distributed ledger to determine if the processed order is, in fact, executed or to use another method of confirmation based on information known to that person as a result of providing the trading front-end services.”

In light of such enormous overreach – control over funds has been widely understood as a prerequisite to be regulated as a financial service according to FinCEN guidance – the industry moved quickly. A day after publication of the rule, the Blockchain Association filed a lawsuit against the IRS and the Treasury Department, asking federal judges to strike the rule down before it takes effect, alleging that the rule is unconstitutional and contrary to existing federal laws. 

In addition to the suit, Senator Ted Cruz introduced a joint resolution to disapprove of the IRS’ rule by Congressional power, co-sponsored by Senator Cynthia Lummis, Senator Bill Hagerty, Senator Mike Lee, and Senator Tim Scott, among others.

 “This regulation undermines the purpose of DeFi technology: to enable individuals to freely buy, sell, and exchange digital assets,” Cruz said in a press release regarding the resolution. Representative Corey, who introduced the resolution together with Cruz, called the rule a “clear overreach”. 

The resolution was voted on yesterday in the Senate, with overwhelming support of 70 to 27 in favor, and will now move for a vote in the House.

The broker rule is another effort of the Biden administration to extend control over non-custodial services. In both the criminal prosecution of Samourai Developers, as well as the criminal prosecution of Tornado Cash developers, the US Department of Justice is alleging that control over funds is not necessary to be held liable as a money service business under US law, arguing that the development of user interfaces and other features demonstrate enough control over a service to be subjected to sanctions, anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism regulations.

While the possible overturning of the broker rule would no doubt be a success, the sentencing of Samourai and Tornado Cash developers would yield similar results regarding reporting requirements for non-custodial service providers.

To clarify that non-custodial service providers are exempt from being classified as money service businesses, the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act by Representative Tom Emmer has been introduced to Congress, offering widespread protections for developers.

This is a guest post by L0la L33tz. Opinions expressed are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect those of BTC Inc or Bitcoin Magazine.



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