For years, the crypto market has thrived on speculation, where excitement, hype and fleeting trends attract value instead of fundamentals. Investors have continually poured money into tokens fueled by viral moments, chasing rapid gains. Time and again, a select few of these investments soar to incredible heights, only to come crashing down. With over 33 million tokens in circulation, the competition to attract attention gets harder and harder and investor attention is ever more fleeting. But DePIN can change this. With compelling businesses attracting real customers and revenue built on well designed token economics, DePIN can set a new standard of fundamentals in crypto.

As our DePIN Token Economics Report outlines, Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN) offer a number of compelling businesses with fundamental value. Unlike typical crypto projects driven by speculation, DePIN offers a different approach. It uses blockchain technology to support real-world infrastructure, creating tangible value and generating real revenue. Instead of relying on hype, it builds a financial system based on actual demand, making it a more sustainable and practical model.

Rather than resembling major crypto networks like Bitcoin or Ethereum, DePIN operates more like capital-light marketplaces such as Uber and Airbnb, but with key distinctions. While both models connect providers with customers without funding infrastructure, DePIN providers are compensated in tokens that can appreciate in value, akin to Uber drivers or Airbnb hosts receiving equity. Additionally, most DePINs sell to businesses which eliminates the need for massive marketing expenses required in building a consumer brand.

DePIN offers a compelling business model and, unlike memes that come and go, it is the beginning of crypto’s transformation into a mature, revenue-generating industry.

From Hype to Revenue-Driven Models

At its core, DePIN represents a paradigm shift. Traditionally, blockchain-based businesses have relied on hype to attract buyers. In the absence of traditional fundamentals, the industry cycled through endless metrics such as TPS, TVL, Telegram channel size, followers on X and many others. Many projects have attempted to build decentralized ecosystems. But, without real customers paying for services, they have largely functioned as economies fueled by speculation rather than external demand.

DePIN changes this by integrating blockchain technology with physical and digital infrastructure, creating compelling services that generate revenue. Whether it is decentralized cloud computing, wireless networks, mapping or storage solutions, DePIN projects offer services like traditional businesses and with customers who pay for usage. When combined with the correct token economics, it creates a sustainable financial model.

As DePIN generates growing revenue, it is likely to draw institutional investors who have long been skeptical of crypto’s reliance on hype and speculation. The projects that successfully correlate the token demand to actual business growth will not only survive the current market but also set the standard for the next generation of blockchain companies

The report also highlights one of the most compelling aspects of DePIN, the use of buy-and-burn, which removes the need to have an expanding pool of new buyers. Instead, these projects use a portion of their revenue to repurchase and burn tokens, permanently reducing supply and potentially driving long-term price appreciation similar to stock buybacks.

This approach is in stark contrast to most of crypto which relies on new buyers to sustain and grow their value.The buy-and-burn model ensures that as DePIN businesses grow and generate more revenue, their token ecosystems become more resilient to market fluctuations. Some DePIN tokens are already demonstrating this by decoupling from broader crypto market trends, proving that real-world adoption can lead to price stability and long-term investor confidence.

Aligning Incentives for Sustainable Growth

While DePIN offers significant potential, it also comes with challenges. One major concern is transparency, as most projects lack traditional financial reports, audits, or clear revenue statements. However, blockchain itself provides a solution — on-chain verification through buy-and-burn mechanisms allows for real-time financial tracking, giving investors a clearer picture of a project’s health.

Another challenge is customer adoption. Many businesses and consumers remain concerned due to crypto’s volatility. To address this, DePIN projects are introducing fiat payment options and stablecoin rewards, making it easier for everyday users to interact with these decentralized services without needing prior crypto or Web3 experience.

For DePIN to succeed, its incentive structures must be designed to keep all stakeholders — providers, users, and investors aligned. One way to achieve alignment is through staking mechanisms, especially in cloud-based networks where service providers lock up tokens as collateral to guarantee reliability. Projects like Filecoin and Fluence already use this approach, ensuring accountability while strengthening network security. Others, such as Render and Livepeer, take a different route by distributing a share of network revenue to token stakers, creating a system similar to dividends that rewards long-term commitment.

Governance will also be critical as DePIN projects decentralize. To prevent large token holders from short-term profiteering for quick gains, new governance models like quadratic voting and weighted staking are emerging. These frameworks help keep decision-making balanced, ensuring that projects remain sustainable and fair as they evolve.

DePIN isn’t just another blockchain investment vehicle, it is laying the foundation for real, decentralized infrastructure. While meme coins have shown that crypto can generate hype, they rarely create lasting value. In contrast, DePIN is developing businesses that can compete with centralized companies by focusing on real-world utility.

With token models backed by revenue, deflationary supply mechanics, and increasing interest from institutional investors, DePIN is redefining how blockchain networks should function. The projects that successfully address capital efficiency, align incentives, and navigate regulatory challenges will be the ones that lead this next phase of decentralized technology.

As DePIN matures, its token models will continue to evolve. Optimizing capital efficiency through transparent buy-and-burn rates will ensure liquidity while maintaining long-term value. Governance structures will adapt to prevent short-term actors from derailing network growth. By 2026, DePIN will be recognized as the benchmark for sustainable blockchain economies, proving that crypto can function as more than a speculative asset class.

The crypto industry stands at a crossroads. Investors, developers, and institutions must choose between supporting unsustainable token models or supporting projects that create real value. For the space to mature, it needs to move beyond pure speculation, and DePIN is at the forefront of that transformation.

Bitcoin (BTC) has always been the face of crypto, the first thing that comes to mind when you think of this market. But for years, its role has been largely static—held as a store of value, yet rarely used for anything else. Then BTCFi entered the scene: unlike traditional DeFi, which has been dominated by Ethereum (ETH) and other smart contract platforms, BTCFi is built around Bitcoin as the core asset.

In the last quarter of 2024, BTCFi’s total value saw a massive surge—from $800 million all the way to $6.5 billion. The momentum is impressive, to say the least. More institutional players are taking notice, and analysts predict that by 2030, roughly 2.3% of Bitcoin’s circulating supply (about $47 billion) could be actively used in decentralized finance. 

So clearly, BTCFi is not just a passing trend. But why is it gaining so much traction? Can it really be called the future of Bitcoin’s utility as a financial asset?

Let’s try to figure it out.

What is BTCFi, and why is it growing now?

BTCFi represents the intersection of Bitcoin and decentralized finance, with the first crypto playing the role of the core asset in this case. Typically, DeFi platforms have been built on blockchains like Ethereum, while Bitcoin holders had to wrap their BTC into ERC-20 tokens (like wBTC) to participate in this field.

This kind of tokenization started picking up the pace around 2020, allowing BTC holders to access DeFi services that are typically not available on the Bitcoin blockchain. These “wrapped” tokens are built in a way that makes them compatible with other blockchain networks. And so, they effectively extended Bitcoin’s functionality.

However, advancements in Bitcoin L2 solutions and LRTs, or layered rollup technologies, are now changing the rules. It is becoming unnecessary for Bitcoin to use “second class citizen” ERC-20 tokens anymore.

BTC LRTs, for example, operate on Ethereum and other chains as well, but use Bitcoin as the primary collateral in transactions. This means unlocking the use of Bitcoin as a yield-generating asset in other networks beyond its native chain.

The emerging Bitcoin L2s, meanwhile, are tackling this blockchain’s long-standing scalability issues, allowing for faster and more cost-efficient transactions. These innovations are going to fundamentally redefine Bitcoin, turning it from a passive store of value to an actively utilized financial asset.

Why is BTCFi the gateway for Bitcoin whales in 2025?

Large Bitcoin holders—miners, in particular—have often used CeFi loans backed by their BTCs to fund their operations since they didn’t want to outright sell those assets. This practice is still going on today, but BTCFi promises to make some changes. And that’s where everything will start from, really: by BTCFi enabling new opportunities for Bitcoin holders to put their assets to work.

Soon enough, Bitcoin whales will start looking at BTCFi as a powerful gateway that can be used to enter the DeFi space. And the way I see it, there are two key factors in 2025 that will influence that perception.

The first is the rise of Bitcoin ETFs. BTC ETFs currently account for almost 6% of all Bitcoin supply, having crossed $100 billion in holdings at the beginning of 2025. With them gaining mainstream traction, Bitcoin is increasingly perceived as the safest and most stable cryptocurrency asset.

This makes it a prime choice for DeFi, attracting large-scale holders who want to use their BTC without selling. Earlier in February this year, Goldman Sachs announced that it had invested $1.63 billion in Bitcoin ETFs. That’s easy proof right there.

The second major factor is the appearance of BTC L2 technologies, which we’ve already covered earlier. Until recently, the lack of scalability and transaction efficiency held Bitcoin back from DeFi adoption. Now, we are going to see a surge of L2 solutions that will enhance the network’s performance. And here’s the important part: they will do so while preserving Bitcoin’s core principles of decentralization and simplicity (and, hence, its robustness).

What DeFi platforms need to do for proper BTCFi integration

There are several challenges that will need to be overcome before BTCFi can achieve truly seamless integration. The biggest technical issue will be ensuring that Bitcoin-based L2 solutions become genuinely trustless. At the present time, they are not quite there, often relying on intermediaries and centralized elements, which goes against Bitcoin’s core philosophy.

The good news is that there’s a lot of R&D going on to make it happen. If successful, it could make the vast amounts of BTCs that are currently just lying there “collecting dust” be useful in DeFi.

Another big challenge is going to stem from people’s trust. Among Bitcoin holders, there are many who do not quite trust Ethereum and the existing Bitcoin tokenization methods. The key to winning them over will lie in creating robust and cost-effective solutions on the native Bitcoin network. Having a fully trustless and inexpensive execution layer on the BTC blockchain could really become the dealbreaker for these people.

The future of Bitcoin: More than just ‘digital gold’

For years, Bitcoin has been carrying the moniker of “digital gold”—a safe-haven asset meant for holding rather than using. These days, this is becoming increasingly untrue. As more institutional players enter the crypto space, the potential for BTCFi to become Bitcoin’s next-level evolution is very real.

The demand is on the rise, and the infrastructure is already being built. For Bitcoin whales looking to maximize their assets without selling, BTCFi could become the perfect answer.

Michael Egorov

Michael Egorov is a physicist, entrepreneur, and crypto maximalist who stood at the origins of DeFi creation. He is a founder of Curve Finance, a decentralized exchange designed for efficient and low-slippage trading of stablecoins. Since the inception of Curve Finance in 2020, Michael has developed all his solutions and products independently. His extensive scientific experience in physics, software engineering, and cryptography aids him in product creation. Today, Curve Finance is one of the top three DeFi exchanges regarding the total volume of funds locked in smart contracts.

Donald Trump’s upcoming “Liberation Day” tariff announcement is being framed by some experts as a reset of global trade and could have negative implications for crypto.

While much of the attention is focused on the political fallout and trade disruptions, the broader consequences for digital assets, and the global frameworks that support them, deserve a closer look.

Heidi Crebo-Rediker, senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, recently described on Bloomberg TV U.S. President Donald Trump’s plans as a “tearing up” of existing free trade agreements with America’s closest allies. This includes the so-called “Dirty 15”, a group of major trading partners that together make up 80% of U.S. trade.

Trump’s proposed system, built on unilateral tariffs and non-tariff barriers, represents a complete shift away from the cooperative global order that has defined the last several decades of international trade.

Why does this matter for crypto?

Crypto is inherently cross-border. Its infrastructure, users, capital flows, and regulatory frameworks depend on global alignment and relatively open markets. Any shift toward economic fragmentation risks disrupting that progress.

Crebo-Rediker notes that countries like Canada are already preparing to diversify away from the U.S., bracing for a reconfiguration of trade and investment relationships. In this new era, markets could become more closed, regulation more inconsistent, and capital controls more common.

She may agree (I don’t know), but these are all hostile conditions for crypto adoption. She also warns of a broader retreat from the multilateral frameworks that underpin both global finance and regulatory cooperation.

If America turns inward while allies look elsewhere, especially towards China, which is positioning itself as a defender of the global system – it could weaken the West’s influence over digital asset standards.

Crypto advocates have cheered Trump’s recent embrace of stablecoins and digital finance, but they should be cautious. A fragmented world, with each country pulling in a different direction on trade and tech, is not a world where crypto can thrive.

Forget about Michael Saylor’s vision of Bitcoin surpassing a $200 trillion market cap and we can only hope it can hold on to a $1 trillion valuation.

If global coordination erodes, so too might the prospects for crypto’s next wave of adoption. If so, it was a fun run. If not, I’ll be glad to admit being wrong.