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SHINOBI: OFF-CHAIN PROTOCOLS WILL ALWAYS BE A BALANCING ACT

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Rene Pickhardt recently kicked off a thread discussing the differences between two party and multiparty (more than two participants) payment channels as it relates to his research work around payment reliability on the Lightning Network. He voices a growing skepticism of the viability of that direction for development.

The high level idea of why channel factories improve the reliability of payments comes down to liquidity allocation. In a network of only two party channels, users have to make zero sum choices on where to allocate their liquidity. This has a systemic effect on the overall success rate of payments across the network, if people put their liquidity somewhere it isn’t needed to process payments instead of where it is, payments will fail as the liquidity in places people need is used up (until it is rebalanced). This dynamic is simply one of the design constraints of the Lightning Network known from the very beginning, and why research like Rene’s is incredibly important for making the protocol/network work in the long run.

In a model of multiparty channels, users can allocate liquidity into large groups and simply “sub-allocate” it off-chain wherever it makes sense to in the moment. This means that even if a node operator has made a poor decision in which person to allocate liquidity to, as long as that person is in the same multiparty channel with people that would be a good peer, they can reallocate that poorly placed liquidity from one to the other off-chain without incurring on-chain costs.

This works because the concept of a multiparty channel is essentially just everyone in the group stacking conventional two party channels on top of the multiparty one. By updating the multiparty channel at the root, the two party channels on top can be modified, opened, closed, etc. while staying off-chain. The problem Rene is raising is the cost of going on-chain when people don’t cooperate.

The entire logic of Lightning is based around the idea that if your single channel counterparty stops cooperating or responding, you can simply submit transactions on chain to enforce control over your funds. When you have a multiparty channel, each “level” in the stack of channels adds more transactions that need to be submitted to the blockchain in order to enforce the current state, meaning that in a high fee environment multiparty channels will be more expensive than two party channels to enforce on-chain.

These are core trade-offs to consider when looking at these systems compared to each other, but I think focusing exclusively on the on-chain footprint ignores the more important point regarding off-chain systems: they are all about incentivizing participants to not go on-chain.

Properly structuring a multiparty channel, i.e. how you organize the channels stacked on top, can allow you to pack groups of people into subsections that have a reputation for high reliability, or who trust each other. This would allow people in these subgroups to still reorganize liquidity within that subgroup even if people outside of it are not responsive temporarily, or go offline due to technical issues. The on-chain cost of enforcing things, while important, is kind of tangential to the core design goal of an off-chain system: giving people a reason to stay off-chain and cooperate, and removing reasons for people to not cooperate and force things onc-chain.

It’s important to not lose sight of that core design aspect of these systems when considering what their future will look like. 



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Boltz

Bitcoin Swap Service Boltz Launches BTCPay Server Plugin For Lightning Payments

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Today, Boltz announced the launch of the Boltz BTCPay Plugin, the first feature of its kind, in open beta. The plugin lets merchants who use BTCPay Server easily accept bitcoin over Lightning before having it automatically swapped and stored non-custodially on the Liquid Network.

The “Nodeless” mode for the Boltz BTCPay Plugin utilizes Liquid Swaps to make the automatic swap from Lightning to Liquid the instant a Lightning invoice is paid. Using Liquid Swaps, Boltz BTCPay Plugin users can also swap bitcoin back to the mainchain if they prefer. The plugin comes with an integrated wallet system, which enables users to create or import both Liquid and mainchain wallets.

“Merchants can receive or accept bitcoin by swapping incoming Lightning payments into their Liquid wallets and, like this, they don’t have to operate a node,” Kilian, CEO of Boltz, told Bitcoin Magazine.

“What they are holding in the end is LBTC — Liquid BTC,” he added.

“We also want to give them an option to automatically swap back to the mainchain if they so choose. They can say, ‘Okay, if my Liquid Bitcoin balance reaches 0.1 bitcoin, 0.5 bitcoin, swap it back to the mainchain.’”

Merchants remain in control of their funds at all times while using the service.

Boltz designed the plugin to help alleviate the anxiety that comes with running and managing a Lightning node.

“Running and managing a Lightning node is no easy feat,” said Boltz CTO Michael in a press release. “Channel management is complex and inbound liquidity can be such an alien concept”.

Kilian echoed Michael’s sentiment, as he shared that “running your own Lightning node is neither a realistic nor recommended goal for many individuals, and even for professionals like merchants, as of today.”

Previous solutions for accepting Lightning payments without running a node were custodial, introduced counterparty risk or were only available in certain jurisdictions.

Given that this plugin is both brand new and the first of its kind, the team at Boltz noted that while the software is ready to be used, users should do so with caution because it could still have bugs. Kilian shared that the plugin indeed handled thousands of transactions and that Strainly, an online marijuana vendor, is now completely running on it.

“After one month testing the Boltz plugin in front of thousands of users, I can tell this truly is a game-changer,” said Alan, CEO of Strainly, who previously had mixed success using custodial Lightning solutions like LNBank and other Lightning Service Providers (LSPs) “Processing LN payments straight to and from a non-custodial Liquid wallet, plus automatically consolidating the Liquid balance to my non-custodial BTC wallet according to my own preset threshold: hands down the most impactful plugin ever released on BTCPay!”



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Alby

Alby Releases Alby Go, A Mobile App For Self-Custodial Bitcoin Lightning Payments

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Today, Alby announced the release of Alby Go, a mobile application available for iOS and Android that allows users to make self-custodial payments via their Lightning node.

Users can connect the app to Lightning nodes and wallets including Alby Hub, Umbrel, Start9, LifPay and CoinOS to enable self-custodial Lightning payments. The app most easily integrates with Alby Hub, an open-source wallet that Alby recently released that makes Lightning nodes easy to access and use from multiple devices. Alby Go also provides a straightforward wallet interface to Nostr Wallet Connect (NWC)-enabled Lightning wallets.

“Alby Go is our next step in making bitcoin accessible everywhere, now bringing it to users’ pockets,” said Alby co-founder Alby Michael Bumann in a press release. “By utilizing the NWC messaging protocol, we facilitate seamless use of multiple nodes and wallets in a lightweight app.”

Other features of Alby Go include a contact list, which lets users store Lightning addresses of frequent contacts for quick and convenient transactions; currency conversion and dark/light theme settings.

Alby Go is currently in version 1.5 and Alby encourages users to contact the Alby team with suggestions on how to improve the app. The app’s code is open-source and ready for reviews and contributions.

For more information on Alby, see our Founders piece on Alby co-founder Michael Bumann.





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business

Building LNbits — the WordPress for Your Bitcoin Lightning Node — With Ben Arc

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Company Name: LNbits

Founders: Ben Arc

Date Founded: Project: 2019 | Company: 2022

Location of Headquarters: Fully remote (most developers based in Europe)

Amount of Bitcoin Held in Treasury: N/A

Number of Employees: 6 (+ “a couple dozen other developers”)

Website: https://lnbits.com/

Public or Private? Private

Five years ago, Ben Arc first had the vision for LNbits — free and open-source software that works with any Lightning Network funding source and offers a suite of extensions for both personal and business use cases.

The vision for the project came to him in what he describes as a flash of inspiration.

“Christian Russo, the developer of the RaspiBlitz, had come down to visit and I remember sitting in a little wash cottage where he was staying, and I just sat on the sofa and I kept going, ‘LNbits, LNbits, LNbits,’” Arc told Bitcoin Magazine. “And then I was like, ‘I think I’m going to make this project where it can be set on top of any funding source and you’ll get this common API and then have some wallets and stuff.’”

Soon after, Arc, a Bitcoiner based in Wales, began working on the first LNbits project, a point of sale (PoS) extension for his friend Jörg Platzer, owner of the now defunct Berlin-based Bitcoin bar Room 77.

“We managed to get the PoS in the bar, and Jörg was amazed how well it worked,” recounted Arc.

“What he really wanted was like an accountancy layer from which you could export CSV and then import it into different wallets, so you could have different PoSs and they’d have different wallets. None of that stuff was possible in the node implementations at the time,” he added.

“So, we needed to build that for Jörg, and then I needed to build something so I didn’t have to keep replicating work when it came to creating different versions of projects.”

That something was LNbits.

The LNbits Developer Team Forms

In the years that followed, some of the brightest developers in the Bitcoin and Lightning space gravitated to LNbits, making contributions that would help put the project on the map.

These developers included Calle, creator of Cashu; fiatjaf, creator of Nostr; Pavol Rusnak, co-founder of Satoshi Labs and a host of other notable names and pseudonyms including but not limited to dni, Eneko, Vlad Stan, supertestnet and Black Coffee. (Arc also shared that the initial design for Nostr “partly came out of LNbits” and that Cashu “was an LNbits project for such a long time.”)

This makes the LNbits developer team the Wu-Tang Clan of Bitcoin and Lightning developers — an über-talented supergroup whose members do groundbreaking work both together and on their own.

And if the LNbits developer team is Wu-Tang, then Arc is the RZA, the head of the group who organizes things and helps set up business deals. That said, the LNbits team came together less because of a master plan by Arc and more out of practicality.

“LNbits came out of necessity because a lot of us were replicating work,” said Arc.

“A lot of us were having to make all these different versions of our projects for all these different node implementations,” he added, making the point that the primary motivation behind LNbits was to reduce redundancy.

The team really came together when Arc learned that major entities in the space were beginning to use the software. At an Adopting Bitcoin conference in El Salvador, Arc bumped into some of the members of the team from IBEX, who mentioned that they were using LNbits.

“They said, ‘We love our LNbits. We’re using it for our products in our bank,’” recalled Arc.

“And I was like, ‘Well, it was really buggy beta software. Please don’t use it in your bank,” he added with a laugh.

“At that point, everyone who was working on LNBits was like, ‘Okay, wow, people are using this thing. I think we now need to make a more stable version that people can use and access, particularly if they’re putting it in their software stacks.’”

Setting Up LNbits, The Company

Arc’s interaction with the IBEX team made him realize that the time had come to turn LNbits into a proper business.

“We had to set up a company, which could then pay developers to work on LNbits,” said Arc.

Arc paralleled the relationship between LNbits the open-source software and LNbits the company to WordPress.org and WordPress.com. WordPress.org is the company that manages and develops WordPress.com, which is open-source software.

LNbits and WordPress are also similar in that anyone can develop extensions that give WordPress-powered websites extra functionality just as anyone can develop extensions for LNbits.

While it’s easy to incentivize development in LNbits’ extension marketplace by allowing developers to charge for the extension they create, getting developers to work on the software itself is more difficult. Hence, Arc set up the company.

“By setting up the company, we have some funds to put into the development work, which isn’t so glamorous, isn’t so fun,” said Arc of how LNbits approaches its software development.

“You’re less likely to kind of get people doing that on a free and open source project.”

Funding LNbits

Arc initially had some trepidation about telling the LNbits developer team that he was going to be setting up the business, though he was pleasantly surprised by their reaction when he shared the news.

“I was very nervous with our free and open source community to break the news to them that we were going to set up a business to help fund development and stuff,” said Arc. “But when we told them, they were all super excited about it.”

LNbits has since raised approximately $1 million in investment from VCs, an amount and an arrangement with which Arc is comfortable.

“I really like private capital when it’s beholden to a free and open source project,” said Arc.

He went on to describe how LNbits would have had to have raised between $10 and $20 million if it had built LNbits as a proprietary piece of software. Building it organically has been far cheaper, and building with the Bitcoin community in mind all along has had benefits, as well.

“To have this piece of software and then also have this community, which you’re kind of beholden to, stops you from making bad decisions,” explained Arc.

Coming Out Of Beta

While LNbits has become more widely used over the last five years, it’s remained in beta all the while. Arc has been in no rush to officially release a product that he didn’t feel was stable enough.

“In Bitcoin, a lot of projects come out of beta too early,” explained Arc.

“It’s just kind of a sad and scary reality that they want people to trust the software which they’ve developed, but we didn’t want to do that. We really wanted to be very conservative,” he added.

In preparation to release version one, LNbits has incorporated some funding and swapping services.

“In the last release, we added PhoenixD as a funding source for LNbits,” began Arc, describing the server equivalent of the Phoenix Wallet for mobile.

“We added the Breez SDK. We’re using the Boltz swapping service for trustless Atomic Swaps in and out of Liquid. So, it means you can actually fund your LNbits with a Liquid Wallet, which absolutely blows my brain,” he added.

The Future of LNbits

Right now, Arc seems to simply be focused on getting version one live and then continuing to fine tune it so that people and businesses can rely on it in a professional capacity. Arc wants to be sure the team is focused so that it can “debug on the fly” if and when necessary.

Arc and the LNbits team also want to create more educational content around showing people how to use LNbits as well as how to create their own LNbits extensions.

“That was a success of the project early on,” said Arc. “We just did a lot of educational content and everyone was like, ‘Okay, cool, I can try and build something on this thing.”

While Arc also seems excited about how LNbits can further integrate with Nostr (he’s been toying around with running the Internet of Things (IoT) over Nostr), the most exciting part about the future for LNbits is its limitlessness.

Put another way, in just five years, it has attracted brilliant developers who’ve created the earliest iterations of their revolutionary technologies (e.g., Cashu, Nostr) via LNbits, and this isn’t to mention all of the innovative LNbits extensions developers have created.

The question now is who develops via LNbits in the next five years and what do they create?

While Arc doesn’t claim to know, he is surely excited about what comes next, especially in the wake of version one going live.

“Once we’re version one, that’s when the real fun begins,” said Arc.

“We’re starting to see glimpses of it, because we can just build fun extensions for functionality and build out product services,” he added.

“That really is when the fun begins for the project.”



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